Archive for January 31, 2008

Downtown living as the new frontier

Following up on my last post, here’s a new perspective on downtown living — it’s the “new frontier.”

In the late 20th century, many downtowns became somewhat lawless states of nature.  Homelessness, crime, gangs and / or other urban ills often prevailed.  But rents were cheap.

The first group in — the artsy, alternative, bohemian and sometimes gay culture — sought inspiration and freedom in this space between civilization and the state of nature.    Young people forging careers in the knowledge economies have often followed — just as in American history it was young people who ventured out to the frontier.   And now, in some cities a fully “civilized” community has emerged in these formerly lawless spaces.  Rents have increased and upper income families are increasingly colonizing the spaces.

To push the analogy further, a few are arguing today that many of these downtown and dense inner city spaces have begun to resemble suburbia somewhat — generic global chains like starbucks and McDonalds have taken over many of the retail spaces.  The condo towers all look alike, inside and out.

So will certain suburbs become the new frontiers in their respective metropolitan areas?

Suburbia and the American identity

One of the United States’ national identity mythologies is that of a people who forged a country and a culture on the frontier between civilization and nature.

Indeed, in many tales Americans are characterized to embody the best features from a lawless frontier — self reliant, innovative, brave, industrious — along with the desired traits of the civilized world such as educated and respectful of fundamental laws such as the constitution.

By contrast, being too civilized (think derogative references to “the French” and other Europeans) or too barbaric (such as a country hick) have not been favorably portrayed.

The automotive era and the growth of suburbia initially reinforced this American dream. One could be close enough to the city, and yet on the edge, building a community on newly conquered territory. There could be a sense of self reliance out in the ‘burbs and now ex-urbs. With your SUV you don’t need government-run transit systems.  The isolation is, or was, desired for building character.

This attachment to a founding national ideal is one reason why it will be so hard to change this style of housing Americans in favor of something more ecologically sustainable and even economically beneficial, something involving higher density housing.

Crashed Ice: Every city needs a unique event

Quebec City, founded in 1608, is one of the most beautiful cities I’ve ever visited.  The historic buildings and the spectacular setting make it unique and special.  But in the 21st century, a place seems to need more than this to be a source of household conversation.  That’s why so many cities compete for major events like the Olympics.

Quebec City has what is arguably the most unique sporting event around: Crashed Ice.  

People dressed in full hockey padding race on a steep, downhill ice track that winds through the historic old part of the city.  Here’s a description.

Racers will reach speeds of over 60 km/hr before hitting a steep right turn in front of the Post Office, which sits across from the Parc Montmorency . . . This is where the real fun starts.

Skaters will battle for position as they shoot down Côte de la Montagne and directly under Porte Prescott, one of the remaining arches of the original fortifications that surround Vieux-Québec. Then, in the middle of the steepest part of Côte de la Montagne, the track will make a sharp left at the level of the infamous Escalier Casse-Cou, otherwise known as “Breakneck Stairway”. Before hitting the bottom of the hill, skaters will literally fly over the Parc de la Cétiere before careening down on Place Royale where, fittingly, scenes were shot for the Hollywood blockbuster “Catch Me If You Can”.

It’s also home to the oldest church in North America. No time for prayer however, as one last sprint down the stairs of rue de la Place and the skaters will hit the finish on Place de Paris, only a few yards from the powerful currents that seemed so peaceful atop the course, the waters of the Saint Lawrence River.

Yes, Quebec City also has the Quebec Winter Festival, somewhat unique and special.  But in this era of extreme sports, Crashed Ice could become as big a draw.

Oh, the 2008 event is on.  The final heats will runs Saturday night, January 26.  In Canada it will be broadcast live on TSN.

Watch footage of the event and last year’s final here:

Clotheslines

As increasing numbers of people seek small ways to reduce their impact on the environment, it’s interesting that one simple option is against the law in many cities — hanging clothes to dry on an outside clothesline instead of using the dryer.

Should things change?  Environmentalists and energy conservationists argue yes.  Others say no — that the use of clotheslines is unsightly.   The summer of 2008 may be the start of a “back to the future” battle for clotheslines.

The Province of Ontario, in Canada, has had a law on the books since 2003 that allows them to abolish local laws that ban clotheslines.  They are now discussing carrying through by the summer of 2008, at least for people who live in detached houses and row houses.  So soon, the majority of people in Ontario maybe able to use a clothesline.

In the United States, 60 million people live in communities governed by Home Owner Associations, and the majority ban clotheslines.  As reported in the Christian Science Monitor:

At last count, in 2005, there were 88 million dryers in the US, according to the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Annually, these dryers consume 1,079 kilowatt hours of energy per household, creating 2,224 pounds of carbon-dioxide emissions.

Besides the global-warming and cost-saving aspects of clotheslines, proponents say hanging out clothes requires exercise and time outside – elements that are missing from many Americans’ lives. “So much of our lives have become automated,” Mr. Wentzell says. Plus, using a clothesline makes “your clothes last longer and smell better.”

Despite clotheslines’ purported benefits – and a scent that can rival dryer sheets’ “fresh rain” fragrance – “the overwhelming majority” of community associations regulate or ban them, says Frank Rathbun, vice president of communications for the Community Associations Institute in Virginia.

Apparently some US states are considering taking similar steps as Ontario Canada and over-riding home owner associations.

Although not everyone will switch to clotheslines, if more people had the option it could mean a 10% reduction in dryer use, saving thousands of kilowatt hours of electricity per year.

But many home owners are worried about property values declining because of laundry (somehow compared to the sub-prime mess and economic slow down, worrying about a clothesline seems trivial – however please correct me if I’m wrong).

In your city or town are clotheslines allowed? in your area who do you think will win the battle – the environment and clotheslines or home owner lobby groups?

Bike commuting, politics, and business fashion

Writing in the Planetizen Interchange , Gordon Price wrote:

This summer, a social policy analyst with the Netherlands government came to Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, B.C. to see what the Dutch might learn from us. (Yes, from us!) And what he discovered was the irony of our political culture: “Cycling in North America is clearly a leftist thing,” reported Loek Hesemans, “although it ties in with conservative North American values like independence, freedom and the ability to manage for oneself.” (You can read a lot more of Loek’s observations in the current issue of Price Tags.)

And so common-sense activities that shouldn’t be ideological are given a left/right slant and used to fight another battle in the culture wars. We end up blinding ourselves to opportunity – … that helps free us from oil shocks and car dependency, and pioneers a way of life that makes people in other places healthier, happier and richer, as we become vulnerable, fatter and poorer.

Interesting observation.  I’m not sure it’s necessarily a right-left political spectrum issue, however.  I think it has more to do with where you work and the dress code there.   I would argue (although have no stats to back this up) that more people who vote right-of-centre politically have jobs that require they wear formal business attire most of the time.  Those who wear their left-leaning political views on their sleeves often work where the dress code is more relaxed and more compatible with cycling.

Cycling as a commuting option requires that either you can dress casually at the office — maybe not in your cycling spandex, but in clothes that travel easily in a pannier or backpack.

I know a number of business people in Vancouver who are passionate cyclers, riding for exercise and even to compete in recreational races.  Most don’t cycle to work because their buildings don’t offer showers and lockers in which they could store their power suits.  Some have even said that they wished they could cycle to work, but they can’t resolve the need to be in fashionable, powerful business clothes at work.

The business community hasn’t reached the stage when you can be take seriously to negotiate a multi-million dollar transaction in spandex.

This got me thinking, what would it take to provide the space for more people to cycle.  Unfortunately, it doesn’t sound that cheap:

Most cycle commuters into a downtown would need a well-ventilated and reasonable-sized locker in which to store their business clothes.  They’d also need access to a shower.  And, of course, a safe, dry place to leave their bicycle. And all of this would need to be in a very secure space — there would likely have to be people staffing the area.  A towel service would be helpful.

Supplying this amount of space for even 10% of the people who work in an average (and not even large) office tower would take up a lot of room.

Here’s some “back of the napkin” math on this:  Let’s say a building has 30 storeys, of medium footprint (12,000 – 13,000 square feet), which would allow an average of 80 people working on each – that’s 2400 people in the building. If 10% or 240 of them needed a locker; and you needed enough showers so that most could shower between 7:30 and 8:30 AM, that’s a lot of room –likely an entire floor of a building, maybe more.  At roughly $50 per square foot for rent and the building operating costs (to pick an average, arbitrary number for medium-quality downtown space) that’s $600,000 per year for the space alone, not to mention costs of staffing and operating the showers and lockers facility.  So, for 240 people it would cost $2500 per year per person, just for the space.  Perhaps double that to cover the costs of the actual facility – $5000 per person per year?
Buy, maybe we could put this facility in a floor of the parking garage – in the basement.  After all, you don’t need a window to shower and change.  But this would come at a cost as well.  Building owners (typically pension funds) rely on the income from parking as part of their investment.  If we removed space for 100 cars to create showers and lockers and covered bike storage, this would cost the building owner $30,000 per month or $360,000 per year (assuming the parking space is worth $300 per month) .  Even if we say parking only generates half that amount, that’s still $180,000 per year.  So between $750 and $1500 per year per cyclist just for the space, and we still don’t have the costs of running the facility, so we need to double or triple those numbers.

So it would cost between $150/month and $300/month +/- to cycle.  That’s a lot unless the employer subsidized it.  Essentially, we’re at the same price as parking a car.   Of course, if many more people could use each facility — if we didn’t need large lockers for clothes, the price could come down and more than 10% could cycle.

Want more people cycling? maybe we need a revolution in business fashion.  Wrinkle-free fashionable clothing that can be carried in a backpack or bicycle bag.

Hope against the spread of generica

Visiting a new city becomes far more meaningful when you can find unique places where local people live and interact — when you can find an actual community.   Usually this requires finding locally owned and operated restaurants, cafes, shops, etc. that often anchor neighborhoods.
In so many cities, whether in North America or around the world, global brands have taken over certain commercial areas, including (or particularly) around where visitors might congregate such as off ramps from freeways, around tourist hotels, and near tourist attractions.   Not knowing whether any alternative exists just a few minutes drive or walk down a side street means that people often patronize the familiar generic chains at the expense of local independent business.

Brendan at the Where Blog offers hope against the spread of generica.  He proposes that RSS feeds on small devices like the Blackberry might offer a way for visitors to explore a new neighborhood.

Now imagine that you’re a tourist on a first-time trip to New York. Subscribe in advance to a feed like this and have bite-sized neighborhood tours sent to you every three hours. These tours could even be sequentially linked to start you off in each neighborhood, allowing for a few hours of independent exploration between tours. Heck, with the ubiquity of GPS technology, you could download a series of geo-coded tours in advance that would be triggered when you passed from one neighborhood to the next. As you walk north across Houston Street from SoHo to the Village, your phone rings. You answer, and a voice suggests that you walk three blocks east to Houston and Thompson to begin the Greenwich Village tour.

With this sort of technology, unfamiliar territory becomes a bit less intimidating. Recent transplants get out and meet more of their neighbors. Tourists get a boost in confidence that would likely encourage them to cover more ground and venture farther off the beaten path

What intrigues me about a technology like this is that it would allow many visitors to venture beyond Burger King for lunch and thereby support more independent businesses.

The same technology could provide links to restaurant menus, customer reviews and other information such as prices and speed or type of service (ie is this a restaurant for quick take out meals, or more of a sit-and-linger place).   Perhaps photographs could be available — or even live web cams.  The latter might allow locals could check to see who is there and would allow anyone to see if the place is busy or would have room for them.

With this information more people might try someplace new, whether close to home on when further away.

Neighborhood guiding technology, written by locals, could be a great way to preserve independent businesses and the character of communities within cities.

Technology for improving city governance

For some, city hall, city council, and the planning department moves to fast.   Initiatives for new zoning bylaws or transportation plans might go through the governance process in a matter of months, with many residents feeling they did not have enough time to digest the plan and comment on it.  For others, of course, city hall moves too slowly.  They want action, not process and procedure.  (If both sides are unhappy, it may often mean that the pace is about right.)

What if there were a way to allow for easier and broader public participation on initiatives that affect them?  Perhaps this would reduce the numbers feeling things are moving too fast.

Dave Atkins recently drew up a plan for how social media technology such as Wiki documents might improve the town governance process.  Although I see some rough spots in his plan that need refinement, it’s worth a read and a ponder.  Here’s the essense of it:

  •  Individuals can contribute when and where they have time and expertise – Rather than attend a series of meetings, a person can follow the development of a document over time and submit their modifications at 3am or whenever they have time. If a person has special expertise, they can fill in with much greater detail or correct misunderstandings of details that often escape review in higher level discussions.
  • The entire process is public – the wiki is hosted on a public website and can be set up to send automatic notifications of topic changes to interested persons via email.
  • The process itself can be engaging – A wiki is no cure-all, but it provides a much lower barrier to entry and a way for residents to research the current status of an issue–to better understand how to join the conversation.
  • The process is more transparent – [For example, ]Massachusetts and most states have enacted Open Meeting Law legislation to prevent public matters from being decided through back room deal and crony networks.

Atkins admits to some challenges, including mass chaos, but suggests perhaps a registration process to contribute to the wiki.

I wonder whether a combination of a wiki and a discussion forum would work best.  A limited number of authors would have access to change the wiki pages.  But they would do so in response to the public forum discussions.  Anyone could contribute to the forums (although registration as a resident or other interested party might be required, as it typically is to speak at a city council meeting).  Having to take the time to register and be approved would avoid anonymous nonconstructive comments.

Also, anyone could view the process of changing the documents and see the links to the discussions that brought about the changes.

Here’s where I could see the potential of Dave’s idea:  I attended a neighborhood meeting about the Vancouver Eco-Density charter last week.  There seemed to be some suspicion in the room that this was all a ruse to allow developers to make more money by building more multi-unit buildings in currently-single-family neighborhoods.  I don’t believe this is the case (but I have no inside knowledge either way, I’m just an interested observer here).

Assuming that the plan is indeed an effort to make Vancouver live in the ecological footprint of one planet, then allowing everyone to see the process of developing The Eco-Density Charter — and allowing everyone the option to participate — might go along way toward increasing “buy-in” and reducing suspicions.

High speed rail for Tucson-Phoenix?

Would high speed rail between Tucson and Phoenix help reduce carbon monoxide emissions and other pollutants? Or would it generate more in the long run by integrating two automobile-centered cities that are arguably separate entities at the moment?

Planetizen ran an except from and Arizona Republic feature that argues for a 95-mile high speed rail link that starts at the Phoenix Airport, stops in Maricopa, Casa Grande, Eloy, Marana, and Tucson, ending somewhere between Grant and Orange Grove roads near I-10.

As cities start to sprawl into each other, a question that is emerging and will emerge in many areas is whether to encourage the integration with more transportation options — whether more freeways or something “greener.”

So, lets look at the Phoenix-Tucson rail link suggestion.

First, is there demand for the high speed rail? Does anyone commute from Tucson to Phoenix of vice versa on a daily basis? Probably only a handful of people do who have a spouse with a career in the other city. When I lived there it seemed that people lived and worked in Tucson, or lived and worked in Phoenix, and each would have almost nothing to do with the other. When I mention to people I now meet who are from Phoenix that I went to grad school a the University of Arizona in Tucson, they often say they’ve never been, or only once or twice.

Yes there is a lot of traffic on the I-10 between Tucson and Phoenix, but how many people would use rail instead? Much of this traffic might be headed to L.A.

Because both cities, but especially Phoenix, are based around the automobile (Phoenix is a good example of a car-tropolis), someone using the rail link would have to have no need for a car once they reached their destinations. Even with some better street car and metros under construction or consideration, this seems a long ways off in the future histories of these cities.

Would the high speed rail promote green development in the area? I’d argue that no, it wouldn’t do this. In fact, it might do the opposite by promoting sprawl along the I-10 corridor instead of higher density living in Phoenix and Tucson. Although some ex-urb type sprawl is happening, much of the space between Phoenix and Tucson is sparsely populated desert or agricultural land. Casa Grande, Eloy and Marana don’t seem like dense urban areas that would generate high daily demand for rail travel to Phoenix or Tucson. Eloy, for example has 10,000 people in 71 square miles for a very low population density.

Putting a high speed rail stop would likely encourage people from Phoenix or Tucson to move to these places, with their cheaper housing costs, making them into suburbs. This would result in more asphalt, more concrete, more desert paved over.

Plus, there is no transit in these communities, so anyone living there needs a car. Because there are not the same levels of amenities in these towns as in the big cities, they’d likely be driving to the city on a regular basis to do the bulk shopping required when you don’t live in a walkable neighborhood. So, even if the main breadwinner commuted by rail, the rest of the family would be burning fossil fuels in their daily lives, and the family home itself would contribute to more environmental consumption than if they lived in Tucson or Phoenix.

If we’re talking about making ecologically sound mega-regions, perhaps the answer is not in making it easier for people to live at one end of the megalopolis and work at the other side.

What’s your Walk Score?

There seems to be a lot of urban blog buzz about Walk Score. This is a website that calculates the walkability of your home or neighborhood based on your address.   The application is kinda cool, although is not completely accurate as it relies on the completeness of Google map information and some businesses and amenities are not listed.  The authors call it “an approximation” of the walkability of an area.  And they admit that certain factors like steep hills or a busy road creating a barrier to walking are not taken into account.

My house scored an 88 / 100. Given my neighborhood is known as being pedestrian oriented and highly walkable (and I can’t think of any amenities that are not within a few blocks), I wondered what it would take to score 100. I tested a bunch of addresses for places I thought might earn it, but they came in at less than 88. According to the Walk Score website blog, a condo complex in Seattle achieved 100.

So, what’s your score ? What do you think about the index?

Starbucks – revitalizing force or more “generica”

No one can argue that Starbucks didn’t lend cache to newly revitalizing city neighborhoods. As young adults returned to live in central cities in record numbers, an expanding Starbucks was there to welcome them to warm, comfortable places….Starbucks stores have become familiar and important third places in cities, and it’s hard to imagine cities without them.CEOs for Cities, January 8, 2008

I enjoy an occasional Starbucks coffee (grande-decaf-half-sweet-soy-no-whip-mocha is my drink) and have been grateful to them for making soy available and soy drinks more popular — it makes living with a dairy allergy a little easier, especially when I travel.

But, I’m wondering if Starbucks has passed being simply a cool “third place” to enjoy a break alone or with a friend, colleague or client and has become just another generic fast food chain, albeit slightly more upscale than McDonalds.

A great neighborhood needs community-anchored third places where neighbors and friends can meet — and many of these need to be independent, those special places that you cannot find anywhere else. The capuccino bar owned by an Italian family, for example. Or, knowing that on the corner of 27th avenue and and Main Street is a locally owned cafe with the best fair trade, organic coffee. When a new place opens, it’s fun to listen to the buzz as word spreads around the neighborhood.

This is not to say that Starbucks hasn’t been a good phenomenon for cities. But, it is no substitute for family owned and operated, unique cafes as third places that anchor communities.